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1. I can't find the sheet music (lead sheet?) for the original songs on jw.org, just the new Kingdom songs. Which are great and we do want to try to play those. I can play those, actually, because I just play the notes that we sing to. The brother who plays the guitar has a harder time because he doesn't read music or know the chords that well.
2. Music Audio Dramas Dramatic Bible Readings Videos JW Broadcasting ® Online Library. Watchtower Library can now be downloaded from jw.org to run on Windows computers. Learn how to download Watchtower Library to your computer.

(1Ch 13:8; 15:16) In the later years of David's life, Jehovah, through his prophets Nathan and Gad, directed the establishment of the music organization for the sanctuary. —1Ch 23:1-5; 2Ch 29:25, 26. The music organization begun by David was fully realized at Solomon's temple. EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item tags).

The Watchtower Announcing Jehovah's Kingdom is an illustrated religious magazine, published monthly^[1] by Jehovah's Witnesses via the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Jehovah's Witnesses distribute The Watchtower—Public Edition, along with its companion magazine, Awake!, in their door-to-door ministry.^{[2][need quotation to verify][3][need quotation to verify]}

The Watchtower—Public Edition has an average circulation of approximately 93 million copies every four months in 369 languages.^{[1][dead link]}The Watchtower—Study Edition, used at congregation meetings, has an average monthly circulation of around 14 million.^[4]

History[edit]

The magazine was started by Charles Taze Russell in July 1879 under the title Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence. According to its first issue, the magazine's purpose was to draw attention to Russell's belief that people of the time were 'living 'in the last days' 'the day of the Lord'—'the end' of the Gospel age,' and that 'the dawn of the 'new' age, are facts not only discernible by the close student of the Word, led by the spirit, but the outward signs recognizable by the world bear the same testimony.'^[5]

In 1909 the name was changed to The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence. In 1920, the Watch Tower Society reprinted all issues from 1879–1919 in seven volumes, known as the Watchtower Reprints, which have since been reprinted by various Bible Student groups. On 15 October 1931, the magazine was renamed The Watchtower and Herald of Christ's Presence; in January 1939, The Watchtower and Herald of Christ's Kingdom; from March 1939 until the present, its full name has been The Watchtower Announcing Jehovah's Kingdom.^[6]

Purpose[edit]

The stated purpose of The Watchtower is to draw attention to the kingdom of God, which Jehovah's Witnesses believe is a real government that will soon replace all earthly governments. According to the magazine's mission statement:^[7]

THIS MAGAZINE, The Watchtower, honors JehovahGod, the Ruler of the universe. It comforts people with the good news that God's heavenly Kingdom will soon end all wickedness and transform the earth into a paradise. It promotes faith in Jesus Christ, who died so that we might gain everlasting life and who is now ruling as King of God's Kingdom. This magazine has been published continuously since 1879 and is nonpolitical. It adheres to the Bible as its authority.

Content[edit]

The Watchtower is the primary means of disseminating Jehovah's Witness beliefs, and includes articles relating to biblical prophecies, Christian conduct and morals, and the history of religion and the Bible.

Previously, each issue of the Watchtower contained study articles and other regular features and was distributed to the general public. In 2008, content was divided into a Public Edition distributed to non-Witnesses and a Study Edition, which contains 'pointed information prepared especially for Jehovah's Witnesses'.

Public Edition[edit]

The Public Edition of The Watchtower contains biblical articles relating to a theme shown on the cover. In January 2013, The Watchtower—Public Edition was reduced from 32 to 16 pages, with greater focus on the official Jehovah's Witnesses website. Initially issued monthly, as of January 2016 the Public Edition was published every two months, and was further reduced to three issues per year as of January 2018.

Study Edition[edit]

The Study Edition contains study articles written for the Watchtower Study, as well as other intra-organizational information directed to current and prospective members.^[8]

Congregations of Jehovah's Witnesses worldwide discuss the same article each week at the Watchtower Study. At this meeting, each paragraph is read aloud by a designated reader; the study conductor then asks questions printed at the bottom of the page for each paragraph and calls on members of the congregation to answer the questions based on the printed information. They are encouraged to put the information in their own words and to 'draw attention to scripture application, supporting arguments, or practical application of the material.'^[9]

Authorship[edit]

The Writing Committee of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses oversees the research, editing, and development of the articles.^[10] The articles are mostly submitted by writing committees from worldwide branch offices, which are then checked by editors and translated into the languages of publication; all involved are volunteers.^[11] Women are permitted to write articles that are not of a doctrinal nature.^[12] The names of the authors (except in first-person life stories), and other publishing staff are not provided. Articles are produced under the authority and supervision of the Governing Body, and are considered the official teachings of Jehovah's Witnesses.^[13]

Distribution[edit]

The magazine is printed in nineteen countries;^[14] about 25% of the total is printed at one of the organization's printeries in Georgetown, Ontario, Canada.^{[citation needed]}

As of March 2020, each issue of the Public Edition has an average circulation of 93,281,789 copies in 369 languages. The monthly production of the Study Edition is not stated in the English edition; in January 2018 the Russian edition stated a circulation of 13,825,000.^[4]

The Public Edition is distributed by Jehovah's Witnesses from house-to-house and by approaching people in public places, given informally to acquaintances and professionals, or left as reading material in places such as bus terminals and laundromats.^[15] The Study Edition is generally distributed only to members but is made available to members of the public attending the study of The Watchtower at congregation meetings.^[16]

Accessibility[edit]

In addition to printed editions, The Watchtower has been published in other forms. Since 1997, Jehovah's Witnesses' official web sites have carried articles formatted for the Internet,^[17] and began hosting digital downloads in 2008.^[18] Specific accessibility efforts include:

• Braille: In 1976, The Watchtower became available in Grade II English Braille.
• Audio: In 1988, articles from The Watchtower were recorded on audio cassette, and later on audio CD; audio cassettes are no longer produced. From 2004 until 2009, The Watchtower was released on CD in MP3 format; digital files are now available for download in MP3 and AAC/M4B formats.
• Sign language: Since 2004 The Watchtower has been made available monthly in American Sign Language on DVD, and has since been made available in more than 30 sign languages.
• Simplified Edition: A simplified English edition of The Watchtower—Study Edition was introduced in July 2011,^[19] with additional simplified language editions available from January 2013.^[20] In 2019 the separate English Study and Simplified editions were replaced by a simplified Study Edition.
• Digital formats. As of 2010, study articles from The Watchtower—Study Edition have been made available as PDF files. PDF files of the Public Edition have been available for download since August 1, 2010, and the Study Edition is available as of the February 15, 2011 issue. It has since been made available in various other digital formats.

Cost[edit]

Until March 1990, The Watchtower was available for a small charge that varied over time and in different countries. For example, in the United States, the suggested donation per issue was $0.05 in 1950,^[21] gradually increasing to $0.25 in 1989.^[22] On January 17, 1990, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled against Jimmy Swaggart that sales of religious literature were subject to taxation,^[23] which introduced ambiguity into the formerly tax-free practice of suggesting a specific amount in exchange for the magazines. The Watch Tower Society supported Swaggart in the case, arguing that the perceived sale of religious literature should be exempt from taxation.^[24]

Www Watchtower Org Music Downloads Free

From March 1, 1990, the journals were made available at no cost, on a freewill donation basis in the United States, with the stated purpose of simplifying their Bible educational work and distinguishing themselves from those who commercialize religion.^[25] An article in the May 1990 issue of Our Kingdom Ministry—a newsletter provided to members—stated that 'there are growing pressures against all religious elements' and went on to say that their main concern was to move ahead in the worldwide preaching work, 'without hindrance.'^[25]

The sale of Jehovah's Witnesses' literature was gradually phased out in other countries, and The Watchtower has been distributed free of charge worldwide since January 2000, its printing being funded by voluntary donations from Jehovah's Witnesses and members of the public.^[26] Undertale pt br download pc.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^ab'Contents page'. The Watchtower. January 2020. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2020-02-15.
2. ^'The New Study Edition of The Watchtower'. The Watchtower. January 15, 2008.
3. ^Holden, A. (2002). Jehovah's Witnesses: Portrait of a Contemporary Religious Movement. Routledge. p. 67.
4. ^ ^ab'Contents page'(PDF). The Watchtower (in Russian). January 2018. p. 2. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2017-10-11.
5. ^'Prospectus'. Zion's Watch Tower. July 1, 1879. p. 3.
6. ^Watchtower Publications Index. 2008.
7. ^'Contents page'. The Watchtower. January 1, 2013. p. 2.
8. ^'Jehovah's Witnesses—Featured Items'. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
9. ^'Overseers Taking the Lead—The Watchtower Study Conductor'. Our Kingdom Ministry. December 1998. p. 8.
10. ^'Do Not Tire Out'. The Watchtower. April 15, 2013. p. 30.
11. ^1994 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses. Watch Tower Society. p. 29. The Watchtower is regularly printed in 116 languages. During the past year, many of the translation teams that care for languages used in the magazines were being strengthened, and those that are working on another 70 languages were being trained. Included among these are languages used in Eastern Europe, southern Asia, and Africa, as well as among Indian tribes in South America, and by peoples on the Pacific islands. Developing such teams involves locating, training, and equipping translators, checkers, and proofreaders. All of these must be dedicated Christians, volunteers who are also able to make themselves available for such work.
12. ^Branch Organization Manual. Watch Tower Society. pp. 24–1. Those used as writers must be dedicated, baptized brothers or sisters in good standing with their local congregations and who have writing ability. . Some articles will deal with spiritual matters, and these should be written by brothers.
13. ^''Upon the Watchtower I Am Standing''. The Watchtower. March 1, 1987. p. 15. Each article in both The Watchtower and Awake! and every page, including the artwork, is scrutinized by selected members of the Governing Body before it is printed.
14. ^'Contributions That Warm God's Heart'. The Watchtower. November 1, 2005. p. 27.
15. ^'Question Box'. Our Kingdom Ministry. March 1988. p. 4. Perhaps some back issues of the magazines could be distributed free when visiting nursing homes and hospitals. They could be left at Laundromats or in the lobbies of residential buildings where our work is restricted. However, good judgment should be exercised as to how many and how often magazines are left at one place. . No literature of any kind should be left in mailboxes
16. ^'Exciting Changes for The Watchtower!'. Our Kingdom Ministry. July 2007. p. 1.
17. ^'Good News on the Internet'. Our Kingdom Ministry. November 1997. p. 3.
18. ^'Announcements'. Our Kingdom Ministry. June 2008. p. 3. Since January 2008, audio files of The Watchtower and Awake! in English and Spanish have been made available at the Web site www.jw.org.
19. ^'Introduction letter'(PDF). The Watchtower. July 15, 2011. p. 3.
20. ^'Global News—Simplifying The Watchtower'. Watch Tower Society. August 15, 2012.
21. ^'Publication details'. The Watchtower. May 15, 1950. p. 4.
22. ^'Announcements'. Our Kingdom Ministry. October 1989. p. 2.
23. ^Swaggart Ministries v. California Board of Equalization, 493 U.S. 378 (1990)
24. ^Edmond C. Gruss (2003). The Four Presidents of the Watch Tower Society (Jehovah's Witnesses). Xulon Press. pp. 72–73.
25. ^ ^ab'Use Our Literature Wisely'. Our Kingdom Ministry. May 1990. p. 7. At the end of February 1990, it was explained that magazines and literature will be provided to publishers and to the interested public on a complete donation basis, that is, without asking or suggesting that a specific contribution be made as a precondition to receiving an item.
26. ^2001 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses. p. 18. Another factor in reaching more people with the good news has been the simplified literature distribution arrangement. . The voluntary donation arrangement is explained to people, but no charge is made for the literature. As of January 2000, that arrangement was extended to all lands where it was not already in operation.

External links[edit]

MUSIC

One of the gifts of God by which man can render praise and thanksgiving to his Creator as well as give expression to his emotions, his sorrows and joys. Especially has singing been prominent in the worship of Jehovah God, but instrumental music, too, has played a vital role. It has served not only to accompany the vocalists but also to complement their singing. So it is not surprising that references to both vocal and instrumental music abound in the Bible from beginning to end, in association with true worship and otherwise.​—Ge 4:21; 31:27; 1Ch 25:1; Re 18:22.

History. The Bible's first reference to music is before the Flood, in the seventh generation following Adam: '[Jubal] proved to be the founder of all those who handle the harp and the pipe.' This may describe the invention of the first musical instruments or perhaps even the establishment of some kind of musical profession.​—Ge 4:21.

In patriarchal times music seems to have been an integral part of life, judging from Laban's desire to give Jacob and his own daughters a musical farewell. (Ge 31:27) Song and instrumental accompaniment marked the celebration of the deliverance at the Red Sea and the victorious returns from battle of Jephthah, David, and Saul.​—Ex 15:20, 21; Jg 11:34; 1Sa 18:6, 7.

On each of the two occasions that were involved in transporting the Ark to Jerusalem, vocalists and instrumentalists were present. (1Ch 13:8; 15:16) In the later years of David's life, Jehovah, through his prophets Nathan and Gad, directed the establishment of the music organization for the sanctuary.​—1Ch 23:1-5; 2Ch 29:25, 26.

The music organization begun by David was fully realized at Solomon's temple. The grandeur and magnitude of the music at the dedication of the temple can be appreciated from the fact that the trumpeters alone numbered 120. (2Ch 5:12, 13) But as the nation grew lax in its faithfulness to Jehovah, all features of true worship suffered, including the music. However, when Kings Hezekiah and Josiah instituted their reforms, as well as when the Jews returned from the Babylonian exile, efforts were made to reestablish the arrangement of music that Jehovah had indicated he desired. (2Ch 29:25-28; 35:15; Ezr 3:10) Later, when Nehemiah inaugurated the wall of Jerusalem, the Levite singers, with full instrumental accompaniment, contributed greatly to the joy of the occasion. (Ne 12:27-42) While the Scriptures say nothing more about music in connection with temple worship after Nehemiah's time, other records, such as the Talmud, tell of music being used there until the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E.

How extensive was the musical staff at the temple in Jerusalem?

In conjunction with the preparations for Jehovah's temple, David set aside 4,000 Levites for musical service. (1Ch 23:4, 5) Of these, 288 were 'trained in song to Jehovah, all experts.' (1Ch 25:7) The whole arrangement was under the direction of three accomplished musicians, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun (apparently also named Ethan). Since each of these men was a descendant of one of Levi's three sons, Gershom, Kohath, and Merari, respectively, the three chief Levite families were thus represented in the temple music organization. (1Ch 6:16, 31-33, 39-44; 25:1-6) The sons of these three men totaled 24, all of whom were among the aforementioned 288 skilled musicians. Each son was appointed by lot to be the head of one division of musicians. Under his direction were 11 more 'experts,' selected from his own sons as well as other Levites. In this manner the 288 ([1 + 11] × 24 = 288) expert Levite musicians, like the priests, were separated into 24 courses. If all the remaining 3,712 ‘learners' were thus divided, it would average about 155 more men to each of the 24 divisions, meaning there were about 13 Levites in various stages of musical education and training to each expert. (1Ch 25:1-31) Since the trumpeters were priests, they would be in addition to the Levite musicians.​—2Ch 5:12; compare Nu 10:8.

Instrumental Music. The Bible gives very little information concerning the shape or construction of the more than a dozen different musical instruments that it mentions. Hence, most scholars draw heavily on what archaeologists have discovered about the instruments used by contemporary surrounding nations. However, this may not always be a reliable guide, since it appears that Israel excelled in music in comparison with her neighbors. Additionally, some have linked various instruments of Scripture to instruments used in modern times in the Middle East, which are supposed to have an ancient background. This, too, is conjectural.

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The musical instruments of the Bible may be classified as follows:

String: harp, lute, zither.

Wind: bagpipe, flute, horn, pipe, trumpet, (possibly) nehiloth. https://avseoseoly.weebly.com/mousecape-mac.html.

Percussion: cymbals, sistrum, tambourine.

See individual articles on the above instruments for further information. Warcraft i download.

There is no reason to believe that the musical instruments of Israel were crude in design, construction, or sound production. The Bible notes that the harps and stringed instruments for temple use were of the choicest imported algum wood; the trumpets of silver. (1Ki 10:11, 12; Nu 10:2) Undoubtedly, in the manufacture of the temple instruments, the most skilled craftsmen were employed.

Both the Scriptures and non-Biblical manuscripts dating from before the Common Era testify to the quality of the instruments as well as the competence of the Israelite musicians. The Dead Sea Scrolls state that a number of trumpets were assigned various complicated signals to be executed 'as with one mouth.' This would require not only skilled musicians but also instruments so constructed that the pitch might be regulated in order to bring them all into tune with one another. Freedom from dissonance is indicated by the inspired account of the music at the inauguration of Solomon's temple: 'The [one hundred and twenty] trumpeters and the singers were as one in causing one sound to be heard.'​—2Ch 5:12, 13.

The Bible lists but four instruments as definitely being in the temple orchestra: trumpets, harps, stringed instruments (Heb., neva·limʹ), and cymbals. While this may not seem to be a complete orchestra by modern standards, it was never intended to be a symphony orchestra, but only to provide accompaniment for the singing at the temple. Such a combination of instruments would serve this purpose excellently.​—2Ch 29:25, 26; Ne 12:27, 41, 42.

As to the times when the sacred instruments performed, the Scriptures enumerate the following in connection with the trumpets: 'In the day of your rejoicing and in your festal seasons and at the commencements of your months, you must blow on the trumpets over your burnt offerings and your communion sacrifices.' (Nu 10:10) After the temple music organization was established, it is likely that the rest of the instruments joined the trumpets on these and other special occasions. This conclusion, as well as the musical procedure followed, seems to be indicated by the order of events described as taking place when sacred services were revived by King Hezekiah after he had cleansed the temple: 'At the time that the burnt offering started, the song of Jehovah started and also the trumpets, even under the direction of the instruments of David the king of Israel. And all the congregation were bowing down while the song was resounding and the trumpets were blaring​—all this until the burnt offering was finished.' (2Ch 29:27, 28) The trumpets' being 'under the direction of the instruments of David' seems to denote that the trumpeters played in such a manner as to complement the other instruments rather than to overshadow them. The position of the entire body of musicians was 'to the east of the altar.'​—2Ch 5:12.

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Vocal Music. The singers at the temple were Levite males. Nowhere do the Scriptures speak of female vocalists at the temple. One of the Targums (on Ec 2:8) clearly indicates that they were not present in the chorus. The fact that women were prohibited from even entering certain areas of the temple would seem to preclude their occupying any official position there.​—2Ch 5:12; Ne 10:39; 12:27-29.

Considerable importance was attached to the singing at the temple. This is evident from the many Scriptural references to the singers as well as from the fact that they were 'set free from duty' common to other Levites in order to devote themselves wholly to their service. (1Ch 9:33) Their continuance as a special group of Levites is emphasized by their being listed separately among those returning from Babylon. (Ezr 2:40, 41) Even the authority of the Persian king Artaxerxes (Longimanus) was brought to bear in their behalf, exempting them, along with other special groups, from ‘tax, tribute, and toll.' (Ezr 7:24) Later, the king commanded that there was to be 'a fixed provision for the singers as each day required.' Although Artaxerxes is credited with this order, most likely it was issued by Ezra on the basis of the power granted to him by Artaxerxes. (Ne 11:23; Ezr 7:18-26) Thus, it is understandable that, although the singers were all Levites, the Bible makes reference to them as a special body, speaking of 'the singers and the Levites.'​—Ne 7:1; 13:10.

Apart from temple worship, other singers, men and women, are spoken of in Scripture. Examples of these are the male and female singers maintained by Solomon in his court; also, about 200 singers of both sexes who, in addition to the Levite musicians, returned from Babylon. (Ec 2:8; Ezr 2:65; Ne 7:67) These non-Levite singers, common in Israel, were employed not only to enhance various festive occasions but also to chant dirges in times of sorrow. (2Sa 19:35; 2Ch 35:25; Jer 9:17, 20) The custom of hiring professional musicians at times of joy and of sadness appears to have continued into the time when Jesus was on earth.​—Mt 11:16, 17.

Although not as prominent as in the Hebrew Scriptures, music is not ignored or overlooked in the Christian Greek Scriptures. Instrumental music in connection with true worship is mentioned only in a figurative sense in the Greek Scriptures (Re 14:2); yet singing seems to have been quite common among God's servants. Jesus and his apostles sang praises after the Lord's Evening Meal. (Mr 14:26) Luke tells of Paul and Silas singing when in prison, and Paul's encouragement to fellow believers was to sing songs of praise to Jehovah. (Ac 16:25; Eph 5:18, 19; Col 3:16) Paul's statement at 1 Corinthians 14:15 concerning singing appears to indicate that it was a regular feature of Christian worship. In recording his inspired vision, John tells of various heavenly creatures singing to God and Christ.​—Re 5:8-10; 14:3; 15:2-4.

Nature of Biblical Music. The Israelites' higher plane of morality and their superior literature, as exemplified by the poetry and prose of the Hebrew Scriptures, suggest that the music of ancient Israel most likely transcended that of her contemporaries. Certainly the inspiration for the music of Israel was far loftier than that of neighboring nations. Of interest is an Assyrian bas-relief in which King Sennacherib is represented as demanding that King Hezekiah pay him as tribute both male and female musicians.​—Ancient Near Eastern Texts, edited by J. Pritchard, 1974, p. 288.

It has long been held by some that Hebrew music was all melody, without harmony. However, the prominence alone of the harp and other stringed instruments in Israel weighs heavily against this assumption. It is almost inconceivable that a musician would play a multistringed instrument and fail to notice that a combination of certain tones was quite pleasing or that a specific series of notes as in an arpeggio produced a pleasant sound. An informed source on the history of music, Curt Sachs, states: 'The deep-rooted prejudice that harmony and polyphony [two or more musical parts or voices combined] have been a prerogative of the medieval and modern West does not hold water.' He goes on to say that even among primitive cultures there are many examples of music running in fifths, fourths, thirds as well as in octaves, and that among these peoples, including certain Pygmy tribes, there was a development of overlapping antiphony (alternate singing by two divisions of vocalists) into regular canon singing.

Based on worldwide research Sachs presents the conclusion that 'the choruses and orchestras connected with the Temple in Jerusalem suggest a high standard of musical education, skill, and knowledge.' He continues: 'It is important to realize that the ancient Western Orient had a music quite different from what historians of the nineteenth century conceded it. . . . Though we do not know how that ancient music sounded, we have sufficient evidence of its power, dignity, and mastership.'​—The Rise of Music in the Ancient World: East and West, 1943, pp. 48, 101, 102. G data download kostenlos.

Red giant shooter suite 13 key. The Scriptures intimate a similar conclusion. For instance, over 30 times the expression 'To [For] the director' (NW; AT) appears in the superscriptions of the Psalms. (Ps 11, and others) Other translations read 'choirmaster' (Kx; JB; Mo; RS), 'Chief Musician' (AS; KJ; Le; Ro), and 'Bandmaster' (Fn). The Hebrew term seems to refer to one who in some way gave direction to the execution of the song, in arranging it, in rehearsing and training the Levite singers, or in its official performance. Perhaps the chief one of each of the 24 courses of sanctuary musicians is being addressed, or it may have been another one of the accomplished musicians, since the record says that they were 'to act as directors.' (1Ch 15:21; 25:1, 7-31) In some 20 other Psalms the superscriptions are even more specific in their reference to the 'directors': 'To the director on stringed instruments,' 'To the director on the lower octave,' and so on. (Ps 4, 12, and others; see SHEMINITH.) Additionally, there are Scriptural references to the 'heads of the singers,' to the 'experts,' and to the ‘learners.' All of this testifies to a high standard of music.​—Ne 12:46; 1Ch 25:7, 8.

Much of the group singing in Israel appears to have been antiphonal, either two half choruses alternating in singing parallel lines, or a soloist and an answering chorus alternating. In the Scriptures this apparently is referred to as 'responding.' (Ex 15:21; 1Sa 18:6, 7) This type of singing is indicated by the very way some of the psalms are written, such as Psalm 136. The description of the two large thanksgiving choirs in Nehemiah's time and of their part in the inauguration of the wall of Jerusalem implies that they sang in this style.​—Ne 12:31, 38, 40-42; see SONG.

Chanting might be said to be halfway between singing and speaking. In pitch it is rather monotonous and repetitious, with the emphasis being on rhythm. While chanting continues to be quite popular in some of the world's leading religions, its use in the Bible appears to be limited to dirges, as in the case of David chanting a dirge over the deaths of his friend Jonathan and of King Saul. (2Sa 1:17; 2Ch 35:25; Eze 27:32; 32:16) Only in a dirge or lamentation would the chanting style be preferable to either the melody of music or the modulation and oral emphasis of pure speech.​—See DIRGE.